Mathematics Teacher, 89, Hoiberg, K. Sharp, J. Geometric probability and the area of leaves. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 10 7 , Masse, L. The possibility of perfection. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 6, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School , 4 6. Tarr, J. Providing opportunities to learn probability concepts. Valen Johnson , Chance [Online], Summary: The topic of this article is the biasing effect that faculty grading practices have on SETs student evaluations of teaching.
Abstract: This article describes an interactive activity illustrating general properties of hypothesis testing and hypothesis tests for proportions.
Students generate, collect, and analyze data. Through simulation, students explore hypothesis testing concepts. Concepts illustrated are: interpretation of p-values, type I error rate, type II error rate, power, and the relationship between type I and type II error rates and power. This activity is appropriate for use in an introductory college or high school statistics course.
Abstract: This activity provides students with 23 histograms representing distributions with differing shapes and characteristics. By sorting the histograms into piles that seem to go together, and by describing those piles, students develop awareness of the different versions of particular shapes for example, different types of skewed distributions, or different types of normal distributions , that not all histograms are easy to classify, that there is a difference between models normal, uniform and characteristics such as skewness and symmetry.
Abstract: This article describes an interactive activity illustrating sampling distributions for means, properties of confidence intervals, properties of hypothesis testing, confidence intervals for means, and hypothesis tests for means.
Students generate and analyze data and through simulation explore these concepts. The activity is completed in three parts.
This allows the educator flexibility in utilizing the activity. Part I illustrates the sampling distribution of the sample mean. Part II illustrates confidence intervals for the population mean.
Part III illustrates hypothesis tests for the population mean. This activity is appropriate for use in an introductory college or high school AP statistics course. Abbreviated Abstract: The combined distribution of heights of men and women has become the canonical illustration of bimodality when teaching introductory statistics. But is this example appropriate? This article investigates the conditions under which a mixture of two normal distributions is bimodal.
We suggest reasons why histograms of height nevertheless often appear bimodal. William Duckworth and W. Robert Stephenson , The American Statistician , 56, The actual practice of statistics has moved beyond these traditional statistical methods. Modern methods - including dynamic graphics, nonlinear estimation, resampling, and other simulation-based inference methods - are being used by many scientists and engineers.
Among other things, the findings set forth the fifth and sixth of the original articles of association of the bank. The sixth article specifies the powers and duties of the board of directors, among which was the power 'to provide for an increase of the capital of the association, and to regulate the manner in which such increase shall be made,' and the power 'to make all by-laws that it may be proper and convenient for them to make under said Revised Statutes for the general regulation of the business of the association and the management and administration of its affairs.
The eleventh by-law was as follows, to-wit: 'Sec. Whenever an increase of stock shall be determined upon, it shall be the duty of the board to notify all the stockholders of the same, and cause a subscription to be opened for such increase, and each stockholder shall have the privilege of subscribing for such nume r of shares of new stock as he may be entitled to subscribe for in proportion to his existing stock in the bank.
If any stockholder should fail to subscribe for the amount of stock to which he may be entitled within a reasonable time, which shall be stated in the notice, the directors may determine what disposition shall be made of the privilege of subscribing for the new stock. Aspinwall, a minor, held fifty, which stood in his name as guardian and trustee on the books of the bank, a certificate of said shares having been taken in the same way.
Other than this there was no subscription paper opened. Some stockholders signified their assent on the notice in the place indicated at the bottom, and sent it to the bank.
Others did not, but went or sent to the bank, and paid the money for the new stock to which they would be entitled in the proposed increase, taking receipts in the printed form prepared for that purpose. The defendant received said notice, and thereupon went to the bank, and informed A. Benyon, its president, that he had not sufficient funds in his hands as guardian and trustee with which to take as such the 50 shares in the proposed increase, and that he should therefore subscribe for and take the same himself individually.
The president of the bank said that he could do so. The defendant afterwards returned to the bank the said notice received by him, with the following subscription, written at the bottom thereof, signed by him: 'I will take the fifty new shares to which I am entitled, and will pay for them as above.
Received of William Aspinwall five thousand dollars, on account of subscription to new stock. Benyon, seeing him almost daily, and he did some business with the bank. At the time the defendant paid this money and took this receipt he asked Mr. Benyon, the president of the bank, if there was any of the new stock that had not been taken; stating that if that were the case he, the defendant, would like to take some more of the new stock.
The president of the bank replied that all the new stock had been taken, and that the defendant could not have any more than 50 shares already subscribed for and taken. Defendant desired his certificate, but was told that he could only have a receipt, as they were not in a position to issue certificates. The defendant believed this statement of the president of the bank, that all the new stock had been taken, to be true, but he was not told that all the money had been paid for the new stock.
Certificates for the new stock were issued on and after October 1, , as called for, e arly all being delivered. The following is a copy of the certificate delivered to, and received by, the defendant, November 5, , to-wit: 'Fifty Shares.
Pacific National Bank of Boston, Mass. Boston, October 1, An entry of 50 shares to the credit of William Aspinwall appears to have been made in this stock ledger, of which the following is a copy:. October 1st, By fifty shares On the 18th of November, , said bank became insolvent, suspended payment, and closed its doors; and Daniel Needham, an examiner of national banks, was placed by the comptroller of the currency in charge of said bank, and all its funds, assets, records, and books.
The bank remained under the exclusive charge and in the possession of said Needham, with its doors closed to business, until on or about March 18, A committee of the directors went to Washington in December, , and had an interview with the comptroller of the currency in relation to the affairs of the bank.
It was discussed with the comptroller as to what should be done in view of the facts, and as to what should be regarded as the capital of the bank, and in pursuance of that interview the directors of the bank, on December 13, , passed the following vote, viz.
The following certificate was thereupon sent to the comptroller of the currency by the cashier, and sworn to by him, to-wit: 'Pacific National Bank of Boston, December 13, To the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.
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